Hi Ben,
Putting a background layer back in is easy. Add a new empty layer by clicking on the new layer button at the bottom of the layers pallet. Make sure that you have the new layer selected. It should be highlighted in blue. Press D to reset your color pallet to default. From the menu, select layer>New>Background from Layer. This will create a new background layer filled with white as the bottom layer in your layers pallet.
When you save the picture to a format that does not support transparancy, such as .jpg,
PS will also fill in the background with the default background color. So as usual in
PS, there are many ways to accomplish the same thing.