As noted, different substrates may show different levels when equalized. Perhaps try different types of white paper, as well as black. Matte or less glossy may work better.
Two good links on consumer scanning can be found here:
http://digitaldog.net/files/Scanningtutorial.pdf http://www.thelawlers.com/FTP/B&W%20Scanning.pdf.sit
The fine detail test suggested by Andrew Rodney using currency is a good approach too (legalities though). GAFT and other print based organisations would have dedicated scanning targets, for both colour/tone and detail.
A Umax 'prepress' scanner I used to use had a 'zero' point marked on the ruler at the front of the scanner - this spot was where the manual suggested the best focus was obtained, tests also showed this...so tranny scanning was done one at a time, while reflective was done with more originals and batching so that more productivity could be gained.
This sweet spot issue can be critical when you are attempting to batch scan many originals. Some scanners let you set separate scan crop frames and apply separate endpoints/gradation etc to each scan frame and save the files off to disk or live to Photoshop for post processing. This is a huge productivity bonus, but if the flatbed has serious probems over the entire scanning area - quality may be sacrificed or the batch may be smaller than you would like if you try to stay within the better area.
I used to use a CreoScitex EverSmart Supreme high end flatbed (US40K) - which had patented XY positioning...the scanner head moved both vertically and horizontally to focus in on parts of each image, then it would stich the strips into one final scan. Sounds scary, but I never saw any issues from this technique. With this line of scanners you can use the full surface of the bed and the biggest plus is the batch scanning workflow. Prescan the whole bed, set your scan crops, adjust your first scan and then send to the scan qeue, adjust the next prescan crop while the first is scanning/writing to disk etc.
I currently work for a publisher who uses a drum - I am not sure that a high end flatbed could match the pace/productivity of a good drum and operator.
Now I just use a humble Microtek flatbed and SilverFast software - since the drum does most of the work (I am not a drum operator and scanning is not the focus of my job).
Scanning is such a deep area to go into - and any discussion involving scanning should include this link:
http://www.scantips.com
Have fun.
Sincerely,
Stephen Marsh.